Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the body that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron (nerve cell) to another 'target' neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. They play a vital role in maintaining numerous bodily functions and overall well-being. Massage therapy has been shown to influence the release and balance of certain neurotransmitters, particularly those associated with stress regulation and mood modulation.
Massage and Serotonin
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of happiness and well-being. It's also involved in the regulation of sleep, appetite, and mood. Massage therapy can stimulate the production and release of serotonin, thereby promoting relaxation, improving mood, and aiding sleep. Field et al. (2005) found an increase in serotonin levels in individuals who received massage therapy, demonstrating the beneficial impact of massage on serotonin production.
Massage and Dopamine
Dopamine is another neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in how we feel pleasure. It's also involved in memory, motivation, and reward. Studies have shown that massage therapy can increase dopamine levels, which can lead to improved mood, motivation, and overall sense of well-being (Field, 2010).
Massage and Endorphins
As previously discussed, endorphins are neurotransmitters produced in the brain's hypothalamus and pituitary gland. They're often referred to as the body's "natural painkillers" or "feel-good hormones," interacting with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce the perception of pain and induce feelings of pleasure or euphoria. Massage therapy stimulates the production and release of endorphins, helping to alleviate pain, reduce stress, and enhance mood (Field, 2010).
In summary, through its impact on neurotransmitter production and release, massage therapy can effectively promote relaxation, improve mood, alleviate pain, and improve overall well-being. It's worth noting, however, that while we understand these general effects, more research is needed to delineate the specific mechanisms by which massage therapy influences these neurotransmitters and to identify the most effective massage techniques for their modulation.
References
- Field, T. (2005). Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115(10), 1397-1413.
- Field, T. (2010). Touch for socioemotional and physical well-being: A review. Developmental Review, 30(4), 367-383.